These months are mild, dry, and pleasant, sometimes chilly. The city's average temperature remains below 20 ☌ or 68 ☏ between December and February. The highest temperature ever recorded was 48.5 ☌ (119.3 ☏), in May. During the monsoon, there are frequent, heavy rains and thunderstorms, but flooding is not common. Annual precipitation is over 63 cm, falling mostly in July and August due to monsoon, causing the average temperatures in these two months to be lower compared to drier May and June. Jaipur has a monsoon-influenced hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BSh) with long, extremely hot summers and short, mild to warm winters. The floods were caused by three days of cloud burst that produced more rain than the annual average. Large areas of the city including the airport were flooded in August 1981, resulting in the death of eight people and much damage to the city's Dravyavati River. The city had three colleges, including a Sanskrit college (1865) and a girls' school (1867) opened during the reign of the Maharaja Ram Singh II. The wide boulevards were paved and its chief industries were the working of metals and marble, fostered by a school of art founded in 1868. In the 19th century, the city grew rapidly and by 1900 it had a population of 160,000. Many of the avenues still remain painted in pink, giving Jaipur a distinctive appearance and the epithet Pink city. ĭuring the rule of Sawai Ram Singh I, the city was painted pink to welcome HRH Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (who later became King Edward VII, Emperor of India), in 1876. Huge ramparts were built, pierced by seven fortified gates. The city was divided into nine blocks, two of which contained the state buildings and palaces, with the remaining seven allotted to the public. The construction of the city began in 1726 and took four years to complete the major roads, offices, and palaces. Under the architectural guidance of Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, Jaipur was planned based on the principles of Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra. Jai Singh consulted several books on architecture and architects while planning the layout of Jaipur. He planned to shift his capital from Amer, 11 kilometres (7 mi) to Jaipur to accommodate the growing population and increasing scarcity of water. The city of Jaipur was founded by King of Amer, Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II on 18 November 1727, who ruled from 1699 to 1743.
The city is also home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites Amer Fort and Jantar Mantar. On 6 July 2019, UNESCO World Heritage Committee inscribed Jaipur the "Pink City of India" among its World Heritage Sites.
It also serves as a gateway to other tourist destinations in Rajasthan such as Jodhpur (348 km, 216 mi), Jaisalmer (571 km, 355 mi), Udaipur (421 km, 262 mi), Kota (252 km, 156 mi) and Mount Abu (520 km, 323 mi). Jaipur is a popular tourist destination in India and forms a part of the west Golden Triangle tourist circuit along with Delhi and Agra (240 km, 149 mi). After independence in 1947, Jaipur was made the capital of the newly formed state of Rajasthan.
During the British Colonial period, the city served as the capital of Jaipur State. It was one of the earliest planned cities of modern India, designed by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. Jaipur was founded in 1727 by the Kacchawa Rajput ruler Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amer, after whom the city is named. It is located 268 km (167 miles) from the national capital New Delhi. It is also known as the Paris of India, and Dr. Jaipur is also known as the Pink City, due to the dominant colour scheme of its buildings. As of 2011, the city had a population of 3.1 million, making it the tenth most populous city in the country. Jaipur ( / ˈ dʒ aɪ p ʊər/ ( listen) Hindi: जयपुर, IAST: Jayapura) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan.
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